Abstract
Today, the witch is a contemporary myth, far removed from the historical experience of the men and women hunted down for demonic witchcraft in the 15th and 17th centuries. Should historians be content to reject it, in the name of their more-than-ever legitimate demand to combat the instrumentalization of the past ? The suggestion here is to take seriously the contemporary history of the mythological construction of the militant figure of the witch in the transnational context of twentieth-century feminist struggles , while setting it against our current knowledge of scholarly demonology and the social institution of persecution. It is in this gap that we discern not powerful women, but the empowerment of women's history, and hence of the history of power. Far from seeking to reconcile myth and history, as in the " mythistoire " proposed by Michelet in La Sorcière in 1862, we instead follow what Paule Petitier has called " la malice du devenir ". She makes the quest for witches a defense of history in the making, without the need to put historical truth in quotation marks.