Abstract
While plants, pollinators and their interactions are rapidly and profoundly affected by human activities, conservation science offers concrete solutions to ensure their preservation. These solutions need to be conceived within an interdisciplinary framework, combining natural sciences with human and social sciences, for a proper understanding of socio-ecosystems, which integrate the functioning of humans and other living beings. These solutions depend on the motivations for conservation, and therefore on the values attributed to living things. They range from coercive approaches, based for example on protecting areas or banning the destruction or commercialization of certain species, to incentive-based approaches aimed at promoting virtuous behavior and mobilizing nature-based solutions to meet human needs.
