Abstract
Physical anthropology raises potentially alarming questions. Nevertheless, given the weight of colonial science in academic as well as popular literature, this critical presentation of all biological data in the Sahara, whether ancient raciology or current paleogenetics, proves necessary. It will trace the now obsolete debates on the notions of " Pouloid ", " Leucodermes ", " Mediterranean ", " Melanoderm ", " Caucasoid " etc., as well as the relationships between rock representations, skeletons and " races ", and the debates on the skin color of ancient Egyptians. Finally, the question will be raised as to whether a reformulation of physical anthropology is possible today, in the light of the contributions and limits of phylogenetics, proteomics and collagen tracing using the ZooMS technique.
