Abstract
Russia's relationship with Europe has been a subject of debate for centuries. After the collapse of the USSR, the question seemed for a time to have been put to rest : the "new " Russia was embarking on a process of democratic transition, resolutely positioning itself alongside Western countries, its " true friends ", and asserting its European identity. However, the issue resurfaced in the 1990s. And the balance gradually shifted in favor of conflict and those convinced of the specificity of Russia's identity. In fact, since the collapse of the Soviet Union, two logics seem to be at work. The first, very much in evidence at first, is that of partnership and association. The second, which now seems to dominate, is one of mistrust, distancing and confrontation. Which of these two logics will ultimately prevail ? After outlining the main characteristics of these two logics, I will look at the perceptions that Russians have of the EU and European countries, and that the latter have of Russia, as well as the issues at stake in their relationship.