Popes, bishops and emperors

Having defined the three anchors (monumental, liturgical and textual) of Ambrosian remembrance, the investigation carried out in the lecture finds itself in the middle of the ford. We therefore take up the story from the moment when Ambrose became undesirable, i.e. during the Lombard eclipse, to dwell at greater length on the Carolingian crystallization of the Ambrosian memory: Angilbert II (824-859) was the first of the new Ambroiseans. The story of this mending of memory is a three-way game: popes, bishops, emperors. Under Gregory VII, the agreement between Rome and Milan took place under the benevolent shadow of Ambrose, and Bernard de Clairvaux was designated by Geoffroy d'Auxerre in 1163 as Ambrosius redivivus. But during the troubles of the Pataria and pre-communist effervescence, the spectre of Ambrose returned. Through analysis of the nomen ambrosii in Andrea de Strumi, Bonizon de Sutri, Arnulf de Milan and Pierre Damien, we attempt to show that this is a disputed memory, never compromised by any of the opposing camps. A monumental analysis of the Porta romana, , by which civic memory in March 1171 conjured up the urbanicidal gesture and ritual of public humiliation imposed on the Lombard capital by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, completes the picture: Milan is indeed the new Rome.

Contents

• In the middle of the road: "presentism", really?
• Memory tinkering (Roger Bastide) and the social availability of memory
• A grammar of possible appropriations of the Ambrosian past
• When will we start our history anew? Deacon Fortunat's banquet and Ambrose's diminished memory
• A first relay: Ennode of Pavia, his political failure, his literary activism
• Ennode'sCarmina , episcopal lists and burial sites: Ambrose is not the first but the principle
• When Ambrose becomes undesirable: the Lombard eclipse
• Gregory the Great and the vicarius sancti Ambrosii (600): Ambrose no longer in Milan, Milan forgets Ambrose
• Versum de Mediolano civitate (739)
• The Carolingian crystallization of Ambrosian memory: Angilbert II (824-859), first of the new Ambrosians
• The porphyry sarcophagus and the purple tongue
• Martin, Ambrose, the Emperor
• The Carolingian Vita and Anspert's episcopate (868-881)
• Another mending of memory: Ambrose's dalmatic and the ribbon of Bishop Ariberto d'Intimiano (1018-1045)
• The reversal of the imperial alliance: Ariberto imprisoned at Corbetta (1037), first appearance of the Ambrosian revenant
• A three-way game: popes, bishops, emperors
• Henry IV at Canossa and the Theodosian precedent (1077)
• Under Gregory VII, an agreement between Rome and Milan under the benevolent shadow of Ambrose
• Bernard de Clairvaux Ambrosius redivivus (after Geoffroy d'Auxerre, 1163)
• The Pataria and pre-communist effervescence
• Andrea de Strumi, Bonizon de Sutri, Arnulf de Milan, Pierre Damien and the nomen Ambrosii : a disputed but never compromised memory
• During the troubles of the Pataria, the specter of Ambrose returns without choosing sides
• Porta romana, March 1171, communal art
• Can civic consciousness be founded on original trauma ? Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and the destruction of Milan
• Urbanicide and public humiliation
• An architectural and monumental device: Milan and the new Rome
• "In praise of Christ, we return to our homes": regaining a foothold in history
• A threshold, symbolic pairs: the civil procession and the armed procession, volutes and arches
• On the eastern pilaster: expulsion, exile, flight
• The founder's violence: when Ambrose plays the wrong role
• Ambrosius celebs iudeis abstulit edes
• Arians or Jews? A calculated ambiguity
• Back to the burnt-out synagogue of Callinicum and Ambrose's letter 74 to Theodosius: what is available in Ambrosian memory to support a discourse of hostility to Judaism?
• Ambrose, the holy fighter, armed with his whip, from the 12th^century to the Mussolini era: the future lasts a long time