The seminar is integrated with the lecture, and the two are combined in a single session.
As a concluding session, I will draw on my personal experiences and publications to propose this cultural dream of a plural Europe, to which the entire lecture will have been dedicated. The tension between phobias of otherness and respect for diverse identities must be resolved in an integration without divisive borders ; " between " is not " against ". Borders are fundamentally ambivalent : they unify while at the same time separating. And it is both a line and a space for negotiation. The practice of imposing assimilation, most striking in the obligation for immigrants to know the local language, can be mitigated by the instrument of English, today's Esperanto, even more useful as a tool since there is no European country where English is the dominant language.
