Abstract
One of the most elementary foundations of living together, the relationship with the Earth, is expressed through language. For Amerindian peoples, a relationship with the land is an indication of their identity, and implies recognition of the rights of indigenous peoples to control their territories. But it also defines a socio-political space that anchors bonds of solidarity between humans and with existing collective beings - animals, plants, places and spirits. It is these cosmovisions and the ties that bind peoples to a living territory that need to be recognized today. Amerindian languages express a cosmopolitical relationship to existence. In the conflicts linked to coloniality, concerning the appropriation of resources, knowledge and territories, little room is left for the recognition of the multiple relationships that Amerindian peoples establish within these living territories.