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Salmonella has numerous interactions with various host tissues and cells, as well as with the intestinal microbiota, during the infectious process. Typhoid fever has been described in detail, but models producing gastroenteritis in mice have only recently …

Music, and a fortiori musical emotions, are rarely considered as biologically constrained experiences. On the contrary, research over the last decade has shown that musical emotions have a universal basis and mobilize a set of neural circuits recognized …

Theory of mind or mentalization refers to the ability to make inferences about the mental states of others: their intentions, desires and beliefs. Numerous studies use brain imaging to explore the neural basis of these abilities, and their results are …

At the heart of all musical activity is the tendency to move to the beat of the music, beating time or dancing. This ability relies on a vast cerebral network, the nature and specificity of which we are beginning to grasp. One of its essential components …

Understanding the mechanisms of microbial disease requires a variety of approaches. Traditional microbiologists have studied microbial pathogens, focusing in particular on disease-causing factors (virulence factors). Immunology and cell biology have …

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting 1% of the population. It begins before birth and produces cerebral and mental effects throughout life. It is defined by behavior. It is usually detected in early childhood. It presents different degrees of …

The Avestic texts we know are almost all recitatives of various Mazdean ceremonies. Even so, our knowledge of Mazdean rituals is very limited. Modern editors of the Avesta have based the edited text on Pehlevi manuscripts. For the recitative of the long …

Under the pressure of increasing threats of plundering, the historical heritage in Egyptian desert areas by robbers using modern technologies, such as GPS navigation systems and heavy-duty off-road vehicles, Egyptian authorities appealed to the …

Human beings are said to be profoundly social creatures, but it is often overlooked that many other animals are also extremely well adapted to social learning and interaction. Recent comparative studies on social cognition in different species show that …

Microbial diseases continue to be responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, and many pathogens are increasingly resistant to drugs. Understanding fundamental pathogenic mechanisms provides information to develop new avenues for …