Abstract
Hepatitis B and C are an important public health paradigm because of the ability of these two viruses to cause chronic hepatitis that can lead to cirrhosis and even hepatocellular cancer. Hepatitis B has been largely controlled by vaccination. Hepatitis C, on the other hand, does not yet benefit from a vaccine, but can be cured by a well-codified combination of antiviral molecules. These treatments not only cure patients, but, in conjunction with preventive measures, reduce the circulation of the virus by diminishing reservoirs. One of the challenges is to detect possible mutations inducing resistance to treatment. Another is to obtain a cost-effectiveness ratio for this therapy, bringing it close to the performance of vaccination when available, and thus to take charge of disease control in low-income regions. This is particularly the case in the Nile Valley, where the establishment of public-private partnerships (PPPs) has made it possible to establish the conditions for controlling hyperendemic infection in this region.
