This lecture develops epigenetic issues by going into detail on methylation differences in the promoter regions of certain genes between sapiens and neanderthalensis. This allows us to describe the mechanisms of DNA methylation and to discuss the role of mobile elements (transposons) in the overall structure of the genome and its evolution. Beyond the question of the respective roles of histones and methylations in epigenetic structuring, the lecture looks at how repetitive elements derived from mobile elements enable dynamic folding of genomes and the formation of topological structures at the origin of coordinated regulation of genetic assemblies. Dynamically, it must be understood that these topological structures are not only distinct between tissues, but also within the same tissue, between the different cells that make it up. More crucially, as far as neurons are concerned, whose lifespan is sometimes as long as that of individuals, the spatial structure of the genome evolves with time and physiological activity, a point developed at the end of the lecture before being taken up again in the following lecture.
17:00 - 18:30
