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This talk is on " Wörter und Sachen ": the cultural realities behind some Sogdian (or sometimes Chorasmian) words. The legend of the fish "Kara", an ancient designation for the catfish, probably reflects the crossing of the Iaxarte (Syr-darya) by the proto-Avestic community, while the Sogdian word for "ant" reveals that the precursors of the Sogdians came from the northern regions. We examine the Sogdian names of some well-established archaeological realities: "brick" (etymologically "made into a shape", originating from the Russian kirpitch); "terracotta figurine"; "censer"; "dam"; etc.). There are borrowings from Sogdian or Chorasmian in Turkic languages, and from there in Old Slavonic: "plow", "money", "Muslim". New identifications are proposed between images of Sogdian deities and names attested in Sogdian texts: Mahākala, Khshum, as well as a dual origin for Vrēshman (1: Indian Vaishravana; 2: Syriac Baal Bar Shamin).
