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Abstract We consider a stochastic control problem with unknowns, inspired by neuroscience. In this model, a neuron is characterized by its membrane potential and emits discharges randomly, with a rate that depends on its potential and an unknown …

Abstract Fregean senses are associated with a subject-centred rather than ecological view of reality. On this traditional view, intentional content is fixed from inside the mind, via subjects' grasp of what they are thinking of, rather than by features of …

Abstract During the instability of giant planets, the trans-Neptunian disk is completely dispersed. Some of the objects are then thrown towards the interior of the Solar System, causing intense cometary bombardment of the terrestrial planets. The …

One-hour lecture , followed by the seminar. Abstract The planetary instability described by the Nice model proposes a Neptune dynamic that differs in part from the gradual outward migration previously used to explain the structure of the Kuiper belt (see …

Abstract Based on decades of scientific development in a highly collaborative environment, numerical climate models are essential tools for understanding and anticipating climate impacts and risks. Initially developed in a research context for large-scale …

Abstract Although climate should not be reduced to temperature, it is the simplest parameter to describe and quantify. Global warming over the last two  hundred years, and particularly since 1970, is undeniable, but some see it as the result of urban …

Abstract The publication in 1499 of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili , attributed to Francesco Colonna, by the publisher Aldo Manuce in Venice, marked the beginning of a learned and original mode of expression whose few surviving productions span a little …

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Abstract The earliest funerary statuettes were included in the funeral trousseaux of the First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom in the form of single specimens. During the New Kingdom, the number of statuettes per deceased grew considerably, …

Abstract After describing the integration procedure on quotient spaces, we derive Mirzakhani's first integration formula, which expresses the integral of functions of the type " length of a multi-curve " in terms of the volume of the moduli space of the …

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Abstract Theoretical and observational advances in modern astrophysics and cosmology tell us that the Universe today is made up of a very small fraction (~5%) of ordinary matter, the rest being made up of constituents whose nature is still unknown: dark …

Abstract In the Local Group, the best estimate of mass is given by the Viriel theorem. Compact groups pose the problem of their lifetime. In fact, according to simulations, they have not been compact for a long time. In galaxy clusters, there are several …

Abstract In modeling, evolutionary phenomena are often analyzed through the prism of partial differential equations, interpreted as a macroscopic description of the problem of interest. However, this classic approach comes up against the problem of model …

Abstract Humans and other animals have minds because reality is predictable. The world is full of items that behave in regular ways. Our minds lock onto these items so that we can anticipate events and act accordingly. The central role of thoughts is thus …