Born May 8 1906, Plouha (Côtes-du-Nord). Died July 2 1992, Plouha.
Education and professional career
- 1928-1932 : École Normale Supérieure student
- 1932 : Agrégé in history and geography
- 1942 : Doctor of Letters
- 1933-1945 : Teacher at Brest and Rennes high schools (on leave from 1935 to 1937: Rockefeller Foundation scholarship in Sardinia)
- 1945 : Senior lecturer at the Faculté des Lettres de Rennes
- 1945-1946 : First expert of the Big Four Commission for the delimitation of the Italian-Yugoslav border (Trieste mission, London and Paris conferences)
- 1947 : Professor at the Faculté des Lettres de Lyon (Director of the Institut des Études Rhodaniennes since 1960)
- 1947 : Visiting professor at the Escola Livre de Sociologia e politica in Sao-Paulo (Brazil)
- 1950-1963 : Member of the Board of Lectures at the College of Europe (Bruges)
- 1960-1976 : Director of the Institute of Geography of the Near and Middle East (Beirut)
- 1969-1976 : Professor at the Collège de France, Chair of Geography of the European Continent
Learned societies and academies
- 1975 : Elected full member of the Académie des Sciences morales et politiques
Awards and honors
- Médaille de la Résistance Commandeur des Palmes Académiques
- Chevalier al merito of the Italian Republic
- Honorary doctorate from the University of Sassari
- 1939-1945 : Croix de Guerre with palm
- 1954 : Knight of the Military Order
- 1985 : Commander of the Legion of Honor