Born April 6 1936, Domont (Val-d'Oise), France. Married, one child : Thomas.
Education
- 1955 : École normale supérieure (rue d'Ulm, Paris)
- 1956-1957 : Bachelor's degree in natural sciences, University of Paris
- 1958 : Diplôme d'études supérieures (summa cum laude and congratulations from the jury)
- 1958 : Agrégé des sciences naturelles (awarded first place)
- 1964 : Doctorat d'État in natural sciences, Paris (summa cum laude), under the supervision of Pr Jacques Monod, Institut Pasteur
Higher education and research
- 1958 : Agrégé-préparateur of Zoology, École normale supérieure
- 1965-1966 : Postdoctoral fellow, Universiy of California, Berkeley
- 1966-1967 : Assistant visiting professor Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York
- 1967 : Assistant Director of Jacques Monod's Chair of Molecular Biology at the Collège de France
- 1972 : Director of the Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris
- 1976-2006 : Professor at the Collège de France, chair Cellular communications
- 1975 : Professor, Institut Pasteur
Administrative and scientific responsibilities
- 1969-1977 : Member of the scientific council of the concerted action on biological membranes of the Délégation générale à la recherche scientifique et technique (DGRST)
- 1974-1979 : Member of Commission 6 of the French National Institute for Health and Medical Research (Inserm)
- 1978-1983 : Member of the Board of Directors of the Pharmacologists' Association
- 1977-1983 : President of the concerted action " Dynamique du Neurone " (DGRST)
- 1979-200 : Vice-Chairman of the Scientific Board of the Fyssen Foundation
- 1980-1982 : Member of Commission 22 of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), " Interactions Cellulaires "
- 1981-1982 : Member of the life sciences sector committee (CNRS)
- 1983-1987 : Chairman of the Inserm Scientific Council
- 1987-1989 : Member of the Higher Council for Research and Technology (Conseil supérieur de la recherche et de la technologie)
- 1989-1992 : Member of the Institut Pasteur Scientific Advisory Board
- 1989-1992 : President of the Société des Neurosciences
- Since 1989 : Chairman of the Interministerial Commission for the Conservation of National Artistic Heritage
- 1988-1992 : President of the concerted action " Sciences de la Cognition " of the Ministry of Scientific and Technical Research and the Ministry of National Education
- 1990-1992 : Member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Human Frontiers Science Program
- 1990-1992 : Member of the Scientific Committee of the European Science Foundation (ESF), Life Sciences
- 1991-1992 : Member of the Council for the European Development of Science and Technology (CODEST)
- 1992-1998 : Chairman of the French National Consultative Ethics Committee for Health and Life Sciences
- 1998-2003 : Member of the Atomic Energy Committee
- 2000-2005 : Member of the Institut Pasteur Board of Directors
- Since 2007 : Chairman of Institut Pasteur's Scientific Vigilance Committee
- Since 2007 : Member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the International Museums Agency, France-Muséums