Biography

Born March 5, 1965 in London, England.

Edith Heard trained as a geneticist. She studied natural sciences at Cambridge University in the UK, and completed her doctorate at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund in London. Edith Heard joined the Institut Pasteur in France in 1990. Today, she heads the Institut Curie's Genetics and Developmental Biology Unit and the Mammalian Epigenesis and Development team.

She has received numerous awards for her research work, including the CNRS Silver Medal in 2008, the Prix Jean Hamburger from the City of Paris in 2009, the ERC Advanced Investigator Award from the European Research Council in 2010 and the FRM Grand Prix in 2011. She has also been an elected member of the prestigious European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) since 2005. In 2012, she was appointed Professor at the Collège de France. She was also awarded the Inserm Grand Prix in 2017. On January1, 2019, Ms. Heard becameExecutive Director of EMBL.

Edith Heard has devoted many years to the study of epigenetic processes such as X chromosome inactivation in mammals, a classic model in this field. Her work has contributed to our understanding of the initial events that accompany X chromosome inactivation during embryogenesis. Her team has highlighted the remarkable dynamics of epigenetic changes during early development and elucidated some of the mechanisms responsible for the X inactivation process. She has also demonstrated the diversity of strategies implemented in this process between even very closely related mammals in the course of evolution. Her work is widely recognized in the field, as similar mechanisms appear to be involved in other epigenetic processes.

Research topics

Edith Heard's work over the last ten years has led to many important conceptual advances, particularly in the field of X chromosome inactivation and epigenetics in general, thanks to her analysis of nuclear organization and epigenetic changes in early mammalian development. Her team's major discoveries include: the remarkable dynamics of epigenetic changes on the X chromosome in early mouse embryos (Okamoto et al., 2004; Patrat et al, 2009); the demonstration that the specific form of paternal X chromosome inactivation in mice can occur de novo and independently of meiotic inactivation in male germ cells (Okamoto et al., 2005); and more recently, the discovery of major differences in the nature and timing of events underlying the initiation of X inactivation between different species such as mouse, rabbit and human (Okamoto et al, 2011). This study demonstrates the extent to which epigenetic processes such as X chromosome inactivation can adapt to developmental needs and constraints in different mammals.