Abstract
The seventh and eighth lessons provided an introduction to quantum computation. Elementary logic gates were described, and it was shown that two-qubit gates are universal, in the sense that all unitary operations on a qubit system can be performed using combinations of such gates, combined with single-bit unitary transformations. Finally, we analyzed a number of simple problems, posed in the form of "oracles", which quantum logic, based on the exploitation of quantum interference and entanglement, can solve faster than a classical computer (Deutsch-Josza, Simon and Graver problems).
