Abstract
Polygenic selection refers to the process of simultaneous selection of mutations in a large number of genes, each making a marginal contribution to adaptation. However, the fact that each mutation involved in polygenic selection has a weak effect poses a real methodological challenge for detecting this form of natural selection. This lecture will explore the most recent studies on the detection of polygenic selection, particularly those based on the study of ancient DNA (paleogenomics). We will also examine how polygenic selection in the past could explain the current incidence of certain diseases, such as autoimmune or metabolic diseases.
