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The global warming of the last century needs to be placed in a broader temporal context in order to determine its singularity and distinguish the underlying causes, both natural and anthropogenic. The climatic variations of the last deglaciation can be used to test multiple hypotheses, with records that are generally sufficiently reliable. The rapid events of the deglaciation had repercussions on the animal and human populations of the time. The submergence of Beringia and the Sunda and Sahul continental shelves isolated Eurasia from America and Australia, with consequences for the settlement of these continents. These lessons from the past can also inform our choices and reactions to current climate change and its regional expressions, which are often amplified in relation to global trends.