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This second conference will focus on the two metaphors of peace institutions, mechanical and organic, and their respective influences on the method of "peace engineers" in Europe. The progress of the Industrial Revolution naturally gave rise to a mechanistic vision of the European order, based on "equilibriums" and mechanisms, which saw peacekeeping institutions as ideal machineries designed, realized and put into service. Paradoxically, the birth of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1950 saw the rejection of this approach and the adoption of a radically different one, based on the conception of the European order as a living organism of which each member state is a cell. We examine how and why the organic model, also known as the "functional", represented a radical break and a fundamental innovation compared to the one that had preceded it, opening the door to the political unification of the continent.
