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Abstract Metaphor is the transport of a word from its proper meaning to another meaning. It's a way of expressing one idea using a term that would normally refer to another. Sometimes it's a way of making speech more elegant. At other times, it's a …

Abstract Bayesian statistical inference generally requires simulations of the statistical model parameter from its posterior distribution , in order to approximate the integrals of interest by Monte Carlo. These simulations become tricky when the density …

The Metropolis-Hasting algorithm samples a probability distribution, defining an ergodic Markov chain, of which it is the only invariant measure. We begin by introducing the main properties of the transition probabilities of a Markov chain, which define a …

Abstract Written in the last   quarter of the twelfth   century, André le Chapelain's De amore was long considered the code of courtly love. Questioning the very notion of a love code to characterize a literary movement and a lifestyle, we undertake to …

Abstract To study misreading is to understand a deviation from the norms of reading generally described in literary studies. It's about what the reader does or can do with the text. Bad reading is not the same as failed reading  : dysfunctions can be …

Documents and media Download support Abstract Even if John Ruskin wanted to find in works of art a moral and spiritual value capable of elevating the soul, there is in him a valorization of sensation as such, which explains Marcel Proust's interest in his …

Abstract The overall concentration of macromolecules tightly regulated but can change between cell types and environmental conditions. I will talk about, or efforts to elucidate, how cytoplasm density is controlled and alterations in overall macromolecule …

Abstract In 1783, Rivarol won a prize at the Berlin Academy for his speech on the universality of the French language. This, he claimed, had now replaced Latin as the European language of scholarly and aristocratic communication, thanks to the glory of …

Documents and media Download support Download lecture notes References Amanda A. Amodeo and Jan M. Skotheim, "Cell-Size Control," Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, 8:a019083 (2016). Leigh K. Harris and Julie A. Theriot, "Relative Rates of Surface and Volume …

Abstract The "   bullshit   ", discussed in philosophy since Harry   Frankfurt 's famous essay , "   On Bullshit   " (1986), is a particular way of sabotaging the integrity of discourse that proliferates in certain contemporary contexts of political …

Abstract The need for new materials to tackle societal challenges in energy and sustainability is widely acknowledged. As demands for performance increase while resource constraints narrow available options, the vastness of composition, structure and …

Abstract Planets in formation interact gravitationally with the protoplanetary disk, causing their orbits to evolve. One of the most remarkable phenomena is the change in the planet's orbital radius, a process known as migration. This lecture will explore …

Abstract The informational structure of an utterance is the way in which the already available information recalled or presupposed by the utterance (the " theme ") and the new information conveyed by the utterance (the " propos ") are distributed within …

Abstract In this first lecture, I will present an overview and historical perspective of epigenetics, the notion of phenotypic plasticity and how epigenomes can respond to environmental stimuli. I will discuss the extent to which epigenetic heritability, …

Abstract The conversion of semi-natural environments into cultivated ones and the intensification of agricultural practices, particularly the growing use of pesticides, are among the main factors behind the current decline in biodiversity. At the same …

Abstract Humans depend on living things for their survival and quality of life, a dependency illustrated by the notions of " ecosystem services " or " nature's contributions to people ". In particular, pollinators are essential to our food supply, and to …

Abstract Optical frequency combs have revolutionized time and frequency metrology by providing rulers in frequency space that measure large optical frequency differences and/or straightforwardly link microwave and optical frequencies. Such combs enable …