Born July 22 1878, Nancy. Died September 25 1956, Saint-Amour.
Education and professional career
- 1896 : Degree in literature
- 1898 : École normale supérieure
- 1901 : Diplôme d'études supérieures
- 1902 : Agrégé d'histoire
- 1902-1903 : Teacher at Bar-le-Duc high school
- 1903-1907 : Boarder at the Fondation Thiers
- 1911 : Doctor of Letters
- 1912-1914 : Lecturer in Burgundy and Burgundian art (Dijon Faculty of Letters)
- 1919-1938 : Professor of modern history at the Strasbourg Faculty of Letters
- 1920 : Professor at the Centre for Germanic Studies, Mainz
- 1920-1930 : Annual teaching assignment in the Rhineland
- 1924 : Exchange professor at Ghent University
- From 1926 : Deputy Director of the Historical Synthesis Section at the Centre International de Synthèse
- 1929 : Founder, with Bloch, of Annales d'Histoire Economique et Sociale
- 1938 : Honorary Professor at the Faculté des Lettres, Strasbourg
- 1943 : Director of studies in the history of the Reformation and Protestantism at the École pratique des Hautes Études,Ve section
- 1948 : Professor at ENA
- From 1948 : President of the VIe section des Hautes Études
Awards and honors
- Croix de guerre (1914-1918)
- 1918 : Belgian War Cross
- Knight of the Legion of Honor
- Commander of the Legion of Honor
- 1949 : Member of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques
- Foreign member of the National Academy of Buenos Aires
- Honorary doctorate from the Université libre de Bruxelles
