How Africa went undiscovered (2)

Le Périple de la mer Erythrée : les voyages en Inde et en Afrique orientale (suite). The question of Rhapta, the last emporion on the east coast of Africa. Libyan voyages (Phoenician, Egyptian, Persian). Hannon's journey. The circumnavigations of Africa : good stories to think about. The voyage of the Necho sailors (text by Herodotus) : hypotheses. De Quincey's   solution to the problem of the sun's position. Comparison of ancient and medieval navigation. The " prediscoveries " of^{14th-15th-century} Europe. Portulan charts. The historiography of the Portuguese discovery of the route around Africa. The continent bypassed. European Africa in the modern era : a geography of misunderstanding.