From the infinitely small to the infinitely large, covering more than sixty orders of magnitude of spatial dimension, quantum theory is invoked, both to describe the still largely mysterious vibrations of microscopic strings that could be the elementary constituents of the Universe, and to account for the fluctuations of microwave radiation that reaches us from the far reaches of the cosmos. In this lesson, Serge Haroche presents the scientific theory that has revolutionized our understanding of nature and extraordinarily enriched our means of action and information about the world.