Today, it's still common to think of the migration of people of African descent as a relatively new phenomenon. Recent migratory flows also seem to be influencing the way we approach tendentious issues such as race, European identity and the place of so-called visible minorities in Europe. When we look to the past, there are a number of tools that can be used to rethink these migratory phenomena in a more nuanced way. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the arts paved the way for a more complex and enriching history. Even when forgotten or erased from popular novels and academic works, the stories of Afro-descendants have always been present in one way or another in the canvases of great masters. The aim of this conference is to explore the multiple trajectories of African-Europeans from the 3rd to the 21st centuries, and to rethink the way we approach the question of European identity today.