Abstract
Thanks to the mysterious concept of wave-particle duality, the first quantum revolution made it possible to describe the structure of matter, its electrical, mechanical and optical properties, and its interaction with light. It then provided the technologies - transistor, laser, integrated circuits - that led to the information and communication society.
The second quantum revolution, based on the notion of entanglement, is even more surprising conceptually, since it forces us to reject Einstein's cherished local realist vision of the world, as demonstrated by the violation of Bell's inequalities. It also opens up fascinating prospects for applications, with emerging technologies ranging from quantum sensors to quantum communications and quantum computers. Will these technologies bring about a new upheaval in society ? Then we could truly speak of a second quantum revolution.
